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Apartment №
2.19
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5
Star large apartment
in Sevastopol Ukraine.
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Situated in the centre. Across the central
city park and boulevard.
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2 Until 4 persons accommodation.
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2nd
Floor
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2 Room apartment.
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1 Bedroom with double bed.
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Living room with sleeping sofa, color TV set with
channels national and int., local telephone, central
heating, Air-conditioning.
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Kitchen with standard necessary materials,
freezer/refrigerator, microwave.
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1 Bathroom with bath/shower, toilet, washing
machine.
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Clean warm water supply 24/7.
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Nice to know: "Catherine the Great"
Catherine the Great (1729-96), empress of Russia (1762-96), the second
of that name, who continued the process of Westernization begun by Peter
the Great and made Russia a European power. Originally named Sophie
Fredericke Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst, Catherine was born in Stettin (now
Szczecin, Poland) on May 2, 1729, the daughter of a minor German prince.
In 1745, she married Grand Duke Peter of Holstein, heir to the Russian
throne. The marriage was an unhappy one, but the intelligent and
ambitious Catherine soon managed to build up a circle of supporters in
Saint Petersburg. In 1754 she gave birth to a son, the future emperor
Paul. Catherine's husband succeeded to the throne as Peter III in 1762.
Erratic, unstable, and contemptuous of his Russian subjects, he soon
alienated several important groups in Russian society. On July 9, 1762,
following a pattern well established in 18th-century Russia, the
Imperial Guards overthrew him and placed Catherine on the throne in his
stead. Catherine and the Enlightenment Catherine was well acquainted
with the literature of the French Enlightenment, which was an important
influence on her own political thinking. She corresponded extensively
with Voltaire and Denis Diderot, gave financial support to them and a
number of other French writers, and played host to Diderot at her court
in 1773. Although this activity was partly aimed at creating a
favourable image in Western Europe, she was probably sincere in her
interest and her hope to apply some of the ideas of the Enlightenment to
rationalize and reform the administration of the Russian Empire. Despite
her interest in legal reform, however, the commission she appointed for
that purpose in 1767 failed to accomplish its goals. Among Catherine's
more benevolent achievements were the foundation of the first Russian
schools for girls and of a medical college to provide health care for
her subjects. In the early years of her reign, Catherine sought to win
the support of the Russian gentry, and, in particular, of a small group
of nobles. She confirmed Peter III's emancipation of the gentry from
compulsory military service, granted them many other privileges, and
showered her supporters with titles, offices, state lands, and serfs to
work their fields. Thus, despite a professed abhorrence for serfdom, she
did much to expand that institution by transferring state-owned serfs to
private landowners, extending serfdom to newly acquired territories, and
greatly increasing the legal control of the gentry over their serfs.
Later Conservatism Peasant unrest culminated in a great revolt
(1773-75), led by the Cossack Yemelyan Pugachov, that raged over much of
the Volga River Basin and the Urals before it was finally crushed by
military force. The revolt marked a turn toward a more reactionary
internal policy. The Cossack army was disbanded, and other Cossacks were
granted special privileges in an effort to transform them into loyal
supporters of the autocracy. In 1775 a major reform of provincial
administration was undertaken in an effort to ensure better control of
the empire. A major reform of urban administration was also promulgated.
The French Revolution increased Catherine's hostility toward liberal
ideas. Several outspoken critics of serfdom such as Nikolay I. Novikov
and Aleksandr N. Radishchev, were imprisoned, and Catherine seems to
have been planning to join a European coalition against France when she
died on November 17, 1796, in St. Petersburg. Under Catherine, the
territory of the Russian Empire was greatly expanded. As a result of two
wars against the Ottoman Empire (1768-74 and 1787-91) and the annexation
of the Crimea (1783), Russia gained control of the northern coast of the
Black Sea. Russian control over Poland-Lithuania was also greatly
extended, culminating in the annexation of large tracts of territory in
the three partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795). Character of the
Reign One characteristic of Catherine's reign was the important role
played by her lovers, or favourites. Ten men occupied this semi-official
position, and at least two, Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin, were
important in formulating foreign and domestic policy. Although
assessments of Catherine vary, she undoubtedly played a key role in the
development of Russia as a modern state. Contributed by: Robert H. Scott
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